Dataset
autism prevalence studies
cdc.9mw4-6adp
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About
This data table provides a collection of information from peer-reviewed autism prevalence studies. Information reported from each study includes the autism prevalence estimate and additional study characteristics (e.g., case ascertainment and criteria). A PubMed search was conducted to identify studies published at any time through September 2020 using the search terms: autism (title/abstract) OR autistic (title/abstract) AND prevalence (title/abstract). Data were abstracted and included if the study fulfilled the following criteria: • The study was published in English; • The study produced at least one autism prevalence estimate; and • The study was population-based (any age range) within a defined geographic area.
Cite as: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. autism prevalence studies. https://data.cdc.gov/d/9mw4-6adp
- Publisher
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
- Tier
- Official
- Covers
- not stated
- Places
- United States
- Updated
- annual
- Last modified
- 2023-05-02
- Units
- not stated
- License
- U.S. Government Work (public domain)
- Method
- https://data.cdc.gov/d/9mw4-6adp
Columns
| Name | Type | Description |
|---|---|---|
| case_identification_method | text | study source record(s) used to identify individuals with autism (registry; health records; education records; survey [specify type: in-person, phone, mail, online]; service provider records; other [define]) *more than one method may be used |
| male_female_sex_ratio | number | male to female ratio of individuals with autism |
| white_black_prevalence_ratio | number | White to Black race autism prevalence ratio |
| non_verbal_or_minimally_verbal | number | percent of individuals with autism that are non-verbal or minimally verbal |
| author | text | primary author of publication |
| title | text | publication title |
| country | text | country where the study was conducted |
| area_s | text | the city or specific geographical area(s) where the study was conducted |
| age_range | text | age range (in years) of the population studied |
| study_years | text | the study period (in years) |
| case_criterion | text | criteria used to identify individuals with autism (DSM [specify edition]; ICD [specify version]; Rutter(1); Kanner(2); clinical impression; autism test [specify test]; special education classification; self-report; parental report; receipt of autism-specific services; other [define]) *more than one case criterion may be used References: 1. Rutter M. Diagnosis and definition of childhood autism. Journal of Autism and Childhood Schizophrenia. 1978;8(2):139-161. 2. Kanner L. Autistic disturbances of affective contact. Nervous Child. 1943;2:217-250. |
| sample_size | number | study population size (prevalence denominator) |
| autism_types_included | text | subtypes of autism included in the study as reported by the authors (early or classic infantile autism, autistic syndrome, autistic mental retardation, childhood autism, autistic-like conditions, pervasive developmental disorder [PDD], pervasive developmental disorder–not otherwise specified [PDD-NOS], autistic disorder, atypical autism, Asperger’s syndrome, childhood disintegrative disorder [CDD], autism spectrum disorder [ASD] [not specified]) |
| percentage_of_individual | text | percentage of co-occurring conditions reported in individuals with autism (attention deficit disorder [ADD] or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder [ADHD]; anxiety; cerebral palsy [CP]; congenital rubella; depression; Down syndrome; encephalopathy; epilepsy/seizure disorder; fetal alcohol syndrome; fragile X; language delay; learning disability; mood disorder; neonatal abstinence syndrome; obsessive compulsive disorder [OCD]; oppositional defiant disorder [ODD]; prematurity; *Rett syndrome (see footnote); sudden infant death syndrome [SIDS]; sickle cell disease [SCD]; Tourette syndrome; tuberous sclerosis) *For cases of Rett syndrome: if Rett syndrome cases were included in the autism prevalence estimate, Rett syndrome was not included as a co-occurring condition. If authors separated Rett syndrome from the autism prevalence estimate, it was included as a co-occurring condition and excluded from the prevalence estimate. |
| iq_score_70 | number | percent of individuals with autism with an IQ (intelligence quotient) less than 70 |
| diagnosis_median_age_months | text | median age (in months) of cases at time of autism diagnosis |
| diagnosis_mean_age_months | number | mean age (in months) of cases at time of autism diagnosis |
| diagnosis_age_range_months | text | age range (in months) of cases at time of autism diagnosis |
| non_hispanic_white_hispanic | number | Non-Hispanic White to Hispanic ethnicity autism prevalence ratio |
| confidence_interval_ci | text | 95% confidence interval (CI) for the autism prevalence estimate; if a CI was not reported in the study, a CI was calculated using the Wilson method with this online tool: http://www.hutchon.net/Wilsons.htm |
| asd_prevalence_estimate_per | number | autism prevalence estimate per 1,000 population; autism prevalence estimates were reported or calculated by CDC under the following conditions. Autism prevalence was reported separately for multiple study years with no overall estimate (data from the most recent study year was reported to highlight the most up-to-date data); autism prevalence for multiple age ranges was reported separately with no overall estimate(the age range with the largest sample size or best quality data, as reported by study authors, was used); autism prevalence for multiple birth cohorts of data was reported separately with no overall estimate (the most recent birth cohort to date was used to highlight the most-up-to-date data); autism prevalence was reported separately by sub-type of autism or separately by geographic area with no overall estimate (number of individuals with autism in each subgroup combined or combined geographic areas were used to estimate autism prevalence if possible. If not possible [e.g., denominator for subgroup was not available], the estimate with the best quality data, as indicated by the author, was reported) |
| number_of_cases | number | individuals with autism (prevalence numerator) |
| link_to_publication | url | link to publication |
| adaptive_score_70 | number | percent of individuals with autism with an adaptive score less than 70 |
| cdc_calculated_values | text | indicates values calculated by CDC’s abstractor (e.g., converting age range from months to years, calculating confidence interval [CI], calculating overall autism prevalence estimate when prevalence was reported separately for autism sub-type or for geographic study area; calculating percentages of individuals with autism by IQ categories or with co-occurring conditions when only individual case numbers are reported) |
| year_published | text | publication year |